About us
The laboratory was founded in 1950 by A.V. Solovjev, professor, D.Sc., M.D.; in 1970 it was headed by P.K. Klimov, professor, D.Sc., M.D.; since 1988 till 2010 the laboratory was headed by S.A. Polenov, professor, D.Sc., M.D.; in 2011 V.A. Zolotarev, Ph.D., was elected a chief of the laboratory.
Basic studies of mechanisms of the nervous and endocrine control of micro circulation, secretion and motility in the stomach performed under direction of professor Sergey A. Polenov in 1988-2010.
I.
Studies of the role of discharge pattern in control of gastric functio
ns.
- It has been revealed that grouping of spikes into brush-type discharges of sympathetic nerve fibers enhances auto regulatory escape and post stimulation hyperemia of arterioles in the submucosal layer of the stomach wall. Additionally, activation of a neurotransmitter output in response to the brush-type discharge, in particular neuropeptide-tyrosin and nitric oxide, was demonstrated [Polenov, Lensman, 1993, 1994].
- Phenomenon of the stomach wall relaxation in response to high frequency burst-type excitation of the vagus, which did not need pretreatment with atropine, has been shown for the first time. Grouping of spikes in the efferent discharge reduced cholinergic effects and in parallel substantially increased nitrergic mediation which induces stomach relaxation [Polenov, Demjanenko, 1994].
- Acid production in the stomach is activated preferentially by a low frequency continuous discharge of the vagus nerve in contract to short-term high frequency bursts of spikes. Low frequency stimulation of the vagus causes more potent release of histamine. Gastric secretions of bicarbonates and pepsinogen do not depend on the pattern of vagal excitation [Zolotarev et al., 1996, 2005].
II.
Study of the role of chemoreception in control of the gastrointestinal tract functions, and feeding behavior.
- The study included investigation of mechanisms which mediate basal and vagally-induced secretion of bicarbonates and pepsinogen during irritation of the gastric mucosa by acidic hyperosmotic solution (mild irritant). The effect of mild irritants was actively modulated by the blockage of the proton pump with omeprazole [Zolotarev et al., 2003].
- New physiological evidences have been obtained
concerning a role of afferents of gastric branches of the vagus and serotonin mediation in reinforcement of gastric secretion by free dietary monosodium glutamate [Khropycheva et al., 2009, 2011; Zolotarev et al., 2009].
III.
- In collaboration with the Group of applied mathematics from the Pavlov Institute of Physiology, the mathematical model describing digestive process and a virtual actualization of the model has been developed. The model is based on 67 factors of a digestive process and includes more than 400 interactions between them [Kuznetsov et al., 2002; Polenov et al., 2003].
- Development of a new approach to a therapy of brain ischemic disorders based on treatment with new analogous of creatine and phosphocreatine permeating the blood-brain barrier and increasing level of macroergic phosphate in cells. This inter-disciplinary investigation has been performed by several laboratories in Russia and Italy and was supported by several grants including INTAS 2000 – 0441, RFBR 05-04-08072, Programs of the Presidium of RAS “Support for innovation” 2007-2008 and “Fundamental sciences for medicine” 2007, Programs of Saint-Petersburg Scientific Center 2007-2008.
IV
New directions of the studies in 1999-2011.
- Investigation of the effect of heritable characteristics of taste sensation at early stages of the feeding behavior supported by NIH grant R03TW007429, 2007-2009 [Murovets et al., 2010; Uneyama et al., 2008; Bachmanov et al., 2011].
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